Showing posts with label Health. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Health. Show all posts

Friday, July 27, 2007

Baby-smugglers jailed in France


Babies in hospital
Many of the children are thought to have been born to prostitutes
Dozens of people have been sentenced in a French court for their role in a network that smuggled Bulgarian babies to French Roma (Gypsy) couples.

The 11 leaders of the scheme, including nine Bulgarians and two French men, were jailed for between two and six years for "trading in human beings".

Three of them are still on the run and were tried in absentia.

Punishments for 38 "parents" purchasing babies ranged from one year in jail to six-month suspended sentences.

One other received a fine and two others no punishment.

The couples are said to have paid up to $10,000 (£5,000) for each child.

Investigators believe that between 2001 and 2005 at least 22 children were bought by the couples, who were unable to adopt under French law.

The mothers - many of them thought to have been Bulgarian prostitutes - were brought to France to give birth.

SENTENCES
Five "ringleaders"
Five-to-six years in jail (three are on run)
Six other "organisers"
Two-to-five years
Four "baby purchasers"
Up to one year in jail
34 "baby purchasers"
Suspended sentences

They were promised large sums of money, but once they had handed over their babies they only received a fraction of the sum and were then forced to work as prostitutes or beggars, French officials said.

The babies were initially taken into care when the case emerged, but the purchasing parents were not accused of mistreating their babies.

Despite the case and the sentences handed to the Roma families, many of them are now being allowed to keep the children.

A defence lawyer, David-Olivier Kaminski, said the couples had been forced into a corner because France did not allow couples with roaming lifestyles to adopt children.

"These are French citizens, Gypsies, desperate to have children, who had no hope of meeting these strict adoption criteria," he said.

Monday, July 23, 2007

Disasters raise food fears


Floods and other natural disasters are hurting China's grain output, the government said, raising the prospect of higher food prices with inflation already at uncomfortably high levels.

"Agricultural production is facing various problems, including flooding, drought, typhoon, plant diseases and insect pests," the agriculture ministry said yesterday on its website.

"Stabilizing the autumn grain supply is a big challenge."

The ministry called on farmers to expand late-harvest planting of rice and other crops to help make up for losses caused by the weather-related problems.

China's biggest grain-growing area is in the south, where floods over the past couple of months have destroyed large swaths of farmland.

The floods have also caused other problems, such as a rat plague in central Hunan province which has seen an estimated two billion rodents gnaw their way through crops that were supposed to end up on dinner plates.

Meanwhile, a severe drought is continuing in northeastern China, another crucial farming region.

"A loss in grain output this year is inevitable," said Chen Sufen, the head of a 460-hectare farm in northeast Liaoning province.

"First it was the persistent drought, and then came the bugs."

Chen said she was expecting grain output on her farm to fall by 20 percent this year.

At the same time an economist has warned of the inevitable impact on food costs nationwide.

"A decline in grain production will drive up food prices," Sealand Securities analyst Yang Yongguang said.

The warning comes after the government released data last week showing that inflation rose 4.4 percent last month, and 3.2 percent in the first six months of the year, with food prices among the biggest drivers.

Food prices have jumped 7.6 percent in the first half of the year.

AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE DAB starts fund for flood victims: A14

Friday, July 13, 2007

Hope for new Parkinson's therapy

Brain
Nerve cell death leads to Parkinson's
Scientists have discovered a protein which may help to slow, or even reverse symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's destroys nerve cells that produce the brain chemical dopamine, causing movement and balance problems.

Finnish researchers found the new molecule can prevent degeneration of these cells - and help damaged cells start to recover.

Their paper, featured in Nature, showed symptoms eased in rats given injections of the protein.

Our new protein has great potential to be developed as drug for Parkinson's disease
Dr Mart Saarma
University of Helsinki

Current anti-Parkinson's drugs do not stop nerve cells from degenerating and dying, and their effects can be patchy and short-lived.

The researchers, from the University of Helsinki, believe the new molecule - dubbed conserved dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) - has great potential as a treatment.

Previous research has centred on another protein - GDNF - which some research had suggested could improve symptoms in Parkinson's patients.

However, other studies have thrown doubt over the effect of the protein - and raised serious safety issues.

The Helsinki team decided to search for related proteins - known as growth factors - which worked in a similar way, but were likely to be better tolerated.

They found that CDNF, unlike other similar growth factors, was specific to brain nerve cells.

Experiments were carried out on rats bred to show symptoms similar to Parkinson's.

In tests, CDNF protected 96% of nerve cells in the brains of the animals from degeneration.

Delay in treatment

To test whether the protein could also help repair damage in nerve cells the researchers also waited a month before treating some of the animals to allow Parkinson's symptoms to really take hold.

This was designed to mimic the situation in human patients, who may already have lost 70% of their dopamine-producing nerve cells by the time they seek treatment.

Following treatment 58% of the dopamine-producing nerve cells were left alive, compared with just 26% in animals who did not receive the protein.

Lead researcher Dr Mart Saarma said: "Our new protein has great potential to be developed as drug for Parkinson's disease, but we need to do more animal experiments and also toxicology studies before we can start clinical trials."

Dr Kieran Breen, of the Parkinson's Disease Society, said the research was still at a very early stage.

"What is interesting is that the protein shows similar neuro-protective actions to GDNF which indicates that this general type of drug may be useful in the future for developing new therapies for treating Parkinson's.

"However, while GDNF showed some benefits in early clinical trials, larger trials showed side effects, which led to it being withdrawn. It is therefore too early to predict the therapeutic potential of CDNF."

Eye patients 'denied treatment'

By Hywel Griffith
BBC Wales health correspondent

Eye
AMD is the leading cause of sight loss in the UK
Patients losing their sight say they are being denied access to a drug which could stop them from going blind.

Lucentis is being made available by only a few local health boards in Wales while clinical guidelines are prepared.

The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (Nice) has recommended it for limited use only in patients at risk of losing sight in both eyes.

The assembly government has voiced its concerns, and said denying the drug created more problems than it solved.

Nice published the initial guidelines in June, stating that Lucentis should be given only to a small number of patients who had already lost sight in one eye and suffered from a specific form of wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD).

This meant that funding for the drug, which comes at a cost of at least £20,000 per patient, could be granted to only one in five patients.

Doctors have said the drug can mean the difference between keeping sight and blindness for patients with wet AMD.

The condition is the leading cause of sight loss in the UK, affecting about 250,000 people. There are 26,000 new cases each year.

Mervyn Meredith
If I lose my sight then I'll get put on to the social services - they will have to spend their money on me
Mervyn Meredith

Consultant ophthalmologist Chris Blyth said the drug stabilised vision for about 75% of his patients and a third had "significant improvements" in their vision.

"It can mean the difference between carrying on working and giving up your job, and recognising your grandchildren," he said.

According to the Royal National Institute of Blind People, there are several patients in the Swansea area who have been refused funding for Lucentis.

One, Mervyn Meredith, lost sight in his left eye, then in May noticed it was starting to go in his right eye.

He was told about Lucentis, but that he would not be funded for it.

"I am going to go blind and it is rapidly getting worse and worse," said Mr Meredith.

"If I lose my sight then I'll get put on to the social services - they will have to spend their money on me."

Concerns

Research by BBC Wales showed that most health boards were using the Nice draft guidance or accepting patients only on an individual basis. Many in north and west Wales are not being offered Lucentis at all.

Full guidance on the drug is set to come in the autumn.

The assembly government has written to Nice expressing its concerns over limiting access.

An assembly government letter to Nice said the "psychological impact of depriving a potential patient of sight preserving therapy does not appear to be explicitly valued" in the current interim guidance.

Lucentis, and another drug which treats wet AMD called Macugen, have both been made widely available in Scotland.

Thursday, July 12, 2007

Fighting back against cancer

By Geraldine Fitzgerald
Producer, BBC Radio 4's Rise of Resistance

When Guardian columnist Dina Rabinovitch was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2004 she was prescribed the much sought-after drug Herceptin - but she had no idea that the drug could cease to have the desired effect.

"I had no sense of being resistant to cancer drugs," she said.

Dina Rabinovitch
Dina Rabinovitch failed to respond to treatment

"But as the cancer kept coming back I started to understand it in terms of antibiotics - or lice treatments, because of treating my kids for lice.

"You can have a treatment for a while and then you have to switch to something else. That's how I think of cancer treatment now."

Dina, author of "Take off your Party dress - when life's too busy for breast cancer", has a type of cancer, known as HER 2, which was traditionally more difficult to treat than other types of breast cancer.

Her oncologist was at a Florida conference where the findings of the first Herceptin trial were presented - and he was enthusiastic about what he had heard.

"I remember sitting in the room with him and he said: 'Oh, you've heard about it. I must tell you this is the first time in my experience we have seen results like this, where the line for recurrence was going down'."

Genetically unstable

Dina had 18 doses of Herceptin, but during that time her cancer came back twice.

With these new approaches we can search for mechanisms of resistance
Dr Lyndsay Harris
Yale University

"I proved to be one of the people who either have no response to Herceptin or it had some effect for six months or so, but the cancer came back and developed this resistance so the drug stopped helping me."

Cancer cells develop resistance because they are genetically unstable cells and through natural selection they evolve to evade the drugs in a variety of ways.

Herceptin works by interfering with one of the ways in which breast cancer cells divide and grow.

Some breast cancer cells divide and grow when a protein, known as human epidermal growth factor, attaches itself to another protein, HER2, found on the surface of some breast cancer cells.

Herceptin blocks this process by attaching itself to the HER2 protein so that the epidermal growth factor cannot reach the breast cancer cells and they cannot divide and grow.

Lyndsay Harris, associate professor of Medicine at Yale University, thinks women who develop resistance to Herceptin do so because the growth factor finds another protein on the surface of the cancer cell to attach itself to, undermining the effect of Herceptin.

Predicting resistance

Professor Harris believes that understanding the mechanisms cancers use to side step drugs will eventually enable doctors to predict resistance.

Herceptin
Herceptin can produce striking results

"We can look at tumour tissue from patients who have developed resistance to the therapy for markers of resistance," she said.

"The technology allows us to look at thousands of genes and proteins at the same time. With these new approaches we can search for mechanisms of resistance - and then determine for patients on particular therapies what is likely to be the mechanism of that resistance."

If Professor Harris' work goes well doctors will be able to change a patient's treatment as soon as their drugs begin to fail.

Small cell lung cancer is a cancer with the ability to develop resistance to many drugs.

Professor Michael Sekyl of Imperial College London has discovered there is a growth factor in the cancer cells which acts as a "master switch."

"This particular growth factor is able to turn on a master regulator inside cells which up regulates a series of molecules in the cells that stops them from dying when we give them the chemotherapy drug," he said.

"This isn't just one chemotherapy drug it's a multiple of chemotherapy drugs which would normally cause the death of the cells "

Professor Sekyl and his colleagues are working to develop a way to remove the master switch from the cell and reactivate chemotherapy.

Across the globe scientists like them are gaining a greater understanding of drug resistance. With each new discovery a new dawn of specifically tailored treatments comes ever closer.

Fighting back against cancer

By Geraldine Fitzgerald
Producer, BBC Radio 4's Rise of Resistance

When Guardian columnist Dina Rabinovitch was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2004 she was prescribed the much sought-after drug Herceptin - but she had no idea that the drug could cease to have the desired effect.

"I had no sense of being resistant to cancer drugs," she said.

Dina Rabinovitch
Dina Rabinovitch failed to respond to treatment

"But as the cancer kept coming back I started to understand it in terms of antibiotics - or lice treatments, because of treating my kids for lice.

"You can have a treatment for a while and then you have to switch to something else. That's how I think of cancer treatment now."

Dina, author of "Take off your Party dress - when life's too busy for breast cancer", has a type of cancer, known as HER 2, which was traditionally more difficult to treat than other types of breast cancer.

Her oncologist was at a Florida conference where the findings of the first Herceptin trial were presented - and he was enthusiastic about what he had heard.

"I remember sitting in the room with him and he said: 'Oh, you've heard about it. I must tell you this is the first time in my experience we have seen results like this, where the line for recurrence was going down'."

Genetically unstable

Dina had 18 doses of Herceptin, but during that time her cancer came back twice.

With these new approaches we can search for mechanisms of resistance
Dr Lyndsay Harris
Yale University

"I proved to be one of the people who either have no response to Herceptin or it had some effect for six months or so, but the cancer came back and developed this resistance so the drug stopped helping me."

Cancer cells develop resistance because they are genetically unstable cells and through natural selection they evolve to evade the drugs in a variety of ways.

Herceptin works by interfering with one of the ways in which breast cancer cells divide and grow.

Some breast cancer cells divide and grow when a protein, known as human epidermal growth factor, attaches itself to another protein, HER2, found on the surface of some breast cancer cells.

Herceptin blocks this process by attaching itself to the HER2 protein so that the epidermal growth factor cannot reach the breast cancer cells and they cannot divide and grow.

Lyndsay Harris, associate professor of Medicine at Yale University, thinks women who develop resistance to Herceptin do so because the growth factor finds another protein on the surface of the cancer cell to attach itself to, undermining the effect of Herceptin.

Predicting resistance

Professor Harris believes that understanding the mechanisms cancers use to side step drugs will eventually enable doctors to predict resistance.

Herceptin
Herceptin can produce striking results

"We can look at tumour tissue from patients who have developed resistance to the therapy for markers of resistance," she said.

"The technology allows us to look at thousands of genes and proteins at the same time. With these new approaches we can search for mechanisms of resistance - and then determine for patients on particular therapies what is likely to be the mechanism of that resistance."

If Professor Harris' work goes well doctors will be able to change a patient's treatment as soon as their drugs begin to fail.

Small cell lung cancer is a cancer with the ability to develop resistance to many drugs.

Professor Michael Sekyl of Imperial College London has discovered there is a growth factor in the cancer cells which acts as a "master switch."

"This particular growth factor is able to turn on a master regulator inside cells which up regulates a series of molecules in the cells that stops them from dying when we give them the chemotherapy drug," he said.

"This isn't just one chemotherapy drug it's a multiple of chemotherapy drugs which would normally cause the death of the cells "

Professor Sekyl and his colleagues are working to develop a way to remove the master switch from the cell and reactivate chemotherapy.

Across the globe scientists like them are gaining a greater understanding of drug resistance. With each new discovery a new dawn of specifically tailored treatments comes ever closer.

HRT 'no benefit' to older hearts

Woman discusses HRT with doctor
Risks and benefits of HRT have been confused
More evidence that hormone replacement therapy could be harming, not protecting the hearts of older women has been published.

Research into 5,000 women from the UK, Australia and New Zealand suggests women over 60 are more at risk of heart and blood problems.

The British Medical Journal study backs major US research which revealed risks for millions of women worldwide.

Experts say shorter-term HRT use in younger women is safe and effective.

It is used to alleviate some of the unpleasant symptoms of menopause such as hot flushes and night sweats.

HRT is now very rarely prescribed to older women in the UK.

The WISDOM study showed that there is no overall disease prevention benefit from HRT and some potential risk for women who start hormone replacement therapy many years after menopause
Dr Madge Vickers
Study leader

The WISDOM study began in 1999, and involved doctors at the University of Adelaide in Australia, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences in New Zealand, and the Medical Research Council in the UK.

It identified 5,692 healthy women registered at GP practices with an average age of 63, and randomly gave them either combined oestrogen and progestogen HRT pills, or "dummy" placebo pills.

When the US Women's Health Institute (WHI) study was halted in 2002 after finding significant evidence of HRT endangering the health of some of its patients, the WISDOM study, which was almost identical in its method, was also stopped.

However, researchers were able to analyse the results in the first few years of the trial.

Heart 'events'

They found, like the WHI study, a significant increase in the number of "major cardiovascular events", such as angina, heart attack or even sudden heart death, and potentially dangerous blood clots in the group given HRT, compared with those given no hormone treatment.

HRT use has declined by 50% in the UK since the WHI study was halted.

Dr Madge Vickers, former head of the MRC General Practice Research Framework, who led the study, added: "Importantly, the WISDOM study showed that there is no overall disease prevention benefit from HRT and some potential risk for women who start hormone replacement therapy many years after menopause.

"However, most women take HRT for relief of menopausal symptoms, and quality of life is an important part of the equation."

Professor John Stevenson, a consultant metabolic physician from the Royal Brompton Hospital in London, and chairman of the charity Women's Health Concern, stressed that, for younger women, HRT was a safe treatment.

He said: "This is a highly effective way of helping women with menopausal symptoms, and it is almost unheard of for much older women to be starting a course of HRT.

"Women in their 50s might be given HRT for a year or two, then weaned off to see if their symptoms have eased."

Catching critters

Catching critters
Back in their home village in Sakon Nakhon province, they try to supplement their income by catching their own insects to sell locally.

Using a UV light, they catch bugs outside their house – some of which they eat themselves and others they sell in the local market.

It is a trend that is increasing in popularity in the region. In fact local agricultural specialists are actively encouraging people to catch their own insects, and even specifically farm them.








In pictures: Eating insects in Thailand

In pictures: Eating insects in Thailand



Personal favourites
Areerat's most popular offering is a 20 baht (50 cent, 25p) bag of grasshoppers. But she has her own personal favourite.

“I prefer a type of cockroach with lots of sticky eggs inside, which makes them very tasty,” says Areerat.

“My favourites are water beetles," adds her husband Udon, who also sells insects.

"They have more meat inside and they’re quite chewy. I eat them all the time. Sometimes I even eat dung beetles, although not many people want to buy them.”




Long hours
Like most of the Thais who sell and eat insects, Areerat and Udon come from an impoverished part of north-eastern Thailand, with few other employment opportunities.

They travel down to Bangkok for months at a time, leaving their daughter in the care of relatives.

“I can make 1000 baht ($32) a night,” Areerat says.

But it is also hard work – cooking during the afternoon, plying the streets of Bangkok’s entertainment district until 2am, then going to the early market to buy supplies.


Monday, July 9, 2007

Zimbabwe's frenzied shopping spree

Zimbabweans queuing
Zimbabwe has 80% unemployment and the world's highest inflation
A barefoot woman in Zimbabwe with a supermarket basket at her feet, toes squeezing the wires to prevent anyone grabbing it, was throwing pots of half-price moisturising cream into it as fast as she could.

Around her desperate shoppers at the Harare supermarket, with trolleys piled high, were lunging at shelves, fighting, shouting to get to products that had suddenly been cut by 50%.

"The staff had all evacuated apart from the till operators. At the back, even the storeroom doors were wide open and the place had been ransacked - there was nothing left, nothing on pallets," a bystander said.

This chaotic scene has been repeated across the capital in the last week following an order by the authorities that the prices of basic goods be halved.

It was mayhem... the riot police had to come because the tills hadn't the chance to sort out the pricing
Eyewitness

With inflation at officially more than 3,700% (some economists put it as high as 9,000%), supermarkets are unwilling to comply, so a price-control unit has been trying to enforce it with instant inspections.

On Sunday, the unit arrived at 0800 at a Bon Marche store in Harare, and gave the staff a list of goods whose prices had to be cut by 50%, including most Nestle products.

"I swear at 0830 (0730 GMT) there were droves of people running, not walking, running to the supermarket through the mall," an eyewitness, who asked to remain anonymous, told the BBC News website.

"It was mayhem in there. By 1030 the riot police had to come and sort it out because the tills hadn't had the chance to sort out the pricing."

Hoarding

She described how people with packed trolleys were accusing each other of hoarding.

bread in a Zimbabwean supermarket
They don't make bread because it's a controlled price... they add a few currants or change the shape of it - then it'll be classed as fancy bread - and they can charge what they like
Harare accountant

"I'm going to report you. You should share," one person shouted.

"I will share with you, if you give me half your chicken," the other retorted.

A 25 litre drum of cooking oil was reportedly cut by the officials from 15m Zimbabwe dollars to Z$3m.

"There weren't enough trolleys so people were going to the plastic-ware section and got buckets to carry the stuff in," the eyewitness explained.

When the police arrived, they ordered everyone out of the shop, and then allowed 20 people in at a time.

"But at that stage time was ticking and the doors closed at 2pm, so there was a commotion like you wouldn't believe outside - swearing and shouting," she said.

The next morning, scared shop assistants and managers wore plain clothes to work and began the massive clear up - returning the items piled in trolleys that were abandoned when the police arrived.

However, the prices were back to normal - no bargains were to be found.

Arrests

News of the price cuts have led some people to rush into town, only to discover that the supermarkets they heard about are no longer discounting.

People walking and cycling to work (File photo)
Many workers are unable to afford to get buses to work

According to state media, at least 20 businessmen have been arrested in the ongoing crackdown.

Among them was the manager of a TM supermarket branch in Harare, detained on Sunday morning when he asked price-control officials, who had arrived at the shop, to give him an hour to re-programme the tills.

He was immediately handcuffed and taken into police custody.

An accountant in the capital told the BBC News website that sometimes inspectors force shopkeepers to cut the price of just one product.

"You'll be standing in the shop, when suddenly the price for something will go down - there'll be a mad dash, a free-for-all, and it'll all be gone within seconds," she said.

Smaller shops are suffering the most in the crackdown.

"A lot of the butchers are closing down because they've been told they've got to sell below cost," she says.

Meanwhile, buyers are reluctant to restock in case they are forced to slash prices again and this had led to some shortages.

Some people are profiteering
Harare accountant

"There're shortages of bread because now. They don't make bread because it's a controlled price. The bakeries make buns or something with a few currants in or change the shape of it - then it'll be classed as fancy bread - and they can charge what they like," the accountant said.

A Harare resident said she had been looking for eggs and milk since Thursday and another told the BBC there were rumours that goods were being moved from warehouses to residential houses to hide them from inspectors.

'Half-price war'

Petrol queues have formed again as garages are confused about what price to sell at.

A couple of fuel pumps opened on Monday night selling at Z$140,000 (just over $1 on the black market; $560 at the official rate), down from Z$200,000.

Robert Mugabe
Mr Mugabe has said price hikes are unjustified

One family contacted by the BBC, who was cooking supper outside over a fire because of the now daily electricity cuts, said the fuel prices had not been reflected in lower transport fares.

The "half-price war" is not limited to basic products. Mobile phone companies have also been threatened, and Econet top-up cards were nowhere to be found in Harare on Monday.

Earlier this year, President Robert Mugabe blamed "unbridled greed" for the country's economic woes.

"Some people are profiteering," agreed the accountant, "but there must be a more logical way of tackling it. Asking to see invoices and working out the profit, perhaps."

Businessmen complain that it is a full-time job trying to keep abreast of new regulations that change daily.

Because of the chronic shortage of cash, employers have been told to pay staff who earn over Z$1m a month (a subsistence wage) by cheque, which means people have to open up bank accounts.

This is proving difficult as many do not have the correct identification documents and will face bank charges that shrink their meagre earnings still further.

No cheques of Z$50m or above ($416 on the black market) are acknowledged by the banks and there are limits on the amount of cheques that can be drawn each day.

When the ATM machines work, only Z$3m ($21) can be withdrawn.

It seems beating rampant inflation will prove a long-fought battle.

This report was compiled by the BBC's Lucy Fleming from the accounts of several Harare residents.